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An uncoupling protein (UCP) is a mitochondrial inner membrane protein that is a regulated proton channel or transporter. An uncoupling protein is thus capable of dissipating the proton gradient generated by NADH-powered pumping of protons from the mitochondrial matrix to the mitochondrial intermembrane space. The energy lost in dissipating the ...
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is a members of the larger family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins (MACP). UCPs facilitate the transfer of anions from the inner to the outer mitochondrial membrane and transfer of protons from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane, reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential in mammalian cells.
An uncoupler or uncoupling agent is a molecule that disrupts oxidative phosphorylation in prokaryotes and mitochondria or photophosphorylation in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria by dissociating the reactions of ATP synthesis from the electron transport chain.
Although it was originally thought to play a role in non-shivering thermogenesis, obesity, diabetes and atherosclerosis, it now appears that the main function of UCP2 is the control of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species. [8] Chromosomal order is 5'-UCP3-UCP2-3'. [9] Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 2
Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins play a significant role in the human genome as well as in the genomes of plants, prokaryotes, fungi, and other eukaryotes, including all mammals. Humans contain five different isoforms of the uncoupling proteins, and each UCP has its own function in the human body; however, they are all vital in the genome.
Many endothermic plant species rely on alternative oxidase (AOX), which is an enzyme in the mitochondria organelle and is a part of the electron transport chain. [9] The reduction of mitochondrial redox potential by alternative oxidase increases unproductive respiration.
Thermogenin (called uncoupling protein by its discoverers and now known as uncoupling protein 1, or UCP1) [5] is a mitochondrial carrier protein found in brown adipose tissue (BAT). It is used to generate heat by non-shivering thermogenesis , and makes a quantitatively important contribution to countering heat loss in babies which would ...
Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC25A27 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCP) are members of the larger family of mitochondrial anion carrier proteins (MACP).