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Timing is important to wound healing. Critically, the timing of wound re-epithelialization can decide the outcome of the healing. [11] If the epithelization of tissue over a denuded area is slow, a scar will form over many weeks, or months; [12] [13] If the epithelization of a wounded area is fast, the healing will result in regeneration.
Angiogenesis is a normal and vital process in growth and development, as well as in wound healing and in the formation of granulation tissue. However, it is also a fundamental step in the transition of tumors from a benign state to a malignant one, leading to the use of angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of cancer . [ 9 ]
For instance, in wound healing, P21 has been found to allow mammals to heal spontaneously. It even allows some mammals (like mice) to heal wounds without scars. [5] [6] The LIN28 gene also plays a role in wound healing. It is dormant in most mammals. [7] Also, the proteins MG53 and TGF beta 1 play important roles in wound healing. [8]
Research into hormones and wound healing has shown estrogen to speed wound healing in elderly humans and in animals that have had their ovaries removed, possibly by preventing excess neutrophils from entering the wound and releasing elastase. [26] Thus the use of estrogen is a future possibility for treating chronic wounds.
The reconstructive ladder is the set of levels of increasingly complex management of wounds in reconstructive plastic surgery. [1] The surgeon should start on the lowest rung and move up until a suitable technique is reached.
In the event of an injury that damages the skin's protective barrier, the body triggers a response called wound healing. After hemostasis, inflammation white blood cells, including phagocytic macrophages arrive at the injury site. Once the invading microorganisms have been brought under control, the skin proceeds to heal itself.
A wound is any disruption of or damage to living tissue, such as skin, mucous membranes, or organs. [1] [2] Wounds can either be the sudden result of direct trauma (mechanical, thermal, chemical), or can develop slowly over time due to underlying disease processes such as diabetes mellitus, venous/arterial insufficiency, or immunologic disease. [3]
It is the first stage of wound healing. Hemostasis involves three major steps: vasoconstriction; temporary blockage of a hole in a damaged blood vessel by a platelet plug; blood coagulation (formation of fibrin clots) Coagulation, the changing of blood from a liquid to a gel which forms the fibrin clots, is essential to hemostasis.