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The modality effect is a term used in experimental psychology, most often in the fields dealing with memory and learning, to refer to how learner performance depends on the presentation mode of studied items.
Catherine Penney expanded on this discovery to observe that modality effects can also be found in the case of free recall tasks. [16] In 1965, Dallett had discovered that this observed modality effect is greatly reduced by the addition of a "suffix" item to the presented list; this suffix is a distractor item that is not to be recalled. [17]
In the 1990s, cognitive load theory was applied in several contexts. The empirical results from these studies led to the demonstration of several learning effects: the completion-problem effect; [11] modality effect; [12] [13] split-attention effect; [14] worked-example effect; [15] [16] and expertise reversal effect. [17]
Linguistic modality has been one of the central concerns in formal semantics and philosophical logic.Research in these fields has led to a variety of accounts of the propositional content and conventional discourse effects of modal expressions.
According to the modality effect, echoic memory has an advantage over iconic memory. [12] Research has shown that the speech is more apt to objective interpretation than inputs to the visual system. This indicates that auditory information is first processed for its physical features, and then combined with visual information features.
Modality effect: That memory recall is higher for the last items of a list when the list items were received via speech than when they were received through writing. Mood-congruent memory bias (state-dependent memory) The improved recall of information congruent with one's current mood. Negativity bias or Negativity effect
Some combinations of signs can be multi-modal, i.e. different types of signs grouped together for effect. But the distinction between a medium and a modality should be clarified: text is a medium for presenting the modality of natural language; image is both a medium and a modality; music is a modality for the auditory media.
Stimulus modality, also called sensory modality, is one aspect of a stimulus or what is perceived after a stimulus. For example, the temperature modality is registered after heat or cold stimulate a receptor. Some sensory modalities include: light, sound, temperature, taste, pressure, and smell.