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The effects of Landau levels may only be observed when the mean thermal energy kT is smaller than the energy level separation, , meaning low temperatures and strong magnetic fields. Each Landau level is degenerate because of the second quantum number k y {\displaystyle k_{y}} , which can take the values k y = 2 π N L y , {\displaystyle k_{y ...
English: Landau levels in graphene appear at energies proportional to √N, in contrast to the standard sequence that goes as N+½. After Geim and Novoselov arXiv:cond-mat/0702595 After Geim and Novoselov arXiv:cond-mat/0702595
Graphene's Hall conductivity is = (+ /) /, where N is the Landau level and the double valley and double spin degeneracies give the factor of 4. [2] These anomalies are present not only at extremely low temperatures but also at room temperature, i.e. at roughly 20 °C (293 K).
The graphene sheet thus displays a semimetallic (or zero-gap semiconductor) character. Two of the six Dirac points are independent, while the rest are equivalent by symmetry. In the vicinity of the K-points the energy depends linearly on the wave vector, similar to a relativistic particle.
In order to get the number of occupied Landau levels, one defines the so-called filling factor as the ratio between the density of states in a 2DEG and the density of states in the Landau levels. = = In general the filling factor is not an integer. It happens to be an integer when there is an exact number of filled Landau levels.
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Landau damping; Landau distribution; Landau kinetic equation; Landau levels; Landau theory; Landau–Levich problem; Landau–Lifshitz model; Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation; Landau–Placzek ratio; Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect; Landau–Squire jet; Landau–Yang theorem; Landau–Zener formula; Lev Landau; List of things named ...