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In thermal engineering, the logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) is used to determine the temperature driving force for heat transfer in flow systems, most notably in heat exchangers. The LMTD is a logarithmic average of the temperature difference between the hot and cold feeds at each end of the double pipe exchanger.
Below is a graph fragment of an example LDPC code using Forney's factor graph notation. In this graph, n variable nodes in the top of the graph are connected to (n−k) constraint nodes in the bottom of the graph. This is a popular way of graphically representing an (n, k) LDPC code.
A fudge factor is an ad hoc quantity or element introduced into a calculation, formula or model in order to make it fit observations or expectations. Also known as a correction coefficient , which is defined by
with a corresponding factor graph shown on the right. Observe that the factor graph has a cycle. If we merge (,) (,) into a single factor, the resulting factor graph will be a tree. This is an important distinction, as message passing algorithms are usually exact for trees, but only approximate for graphs with cycles.
That is, observed temperatures above 60 °F (or the base temperature used) typically correlate with a correction factor below "1", while temperatures below 60 °F correlate with a factor above "1". This concept lies in the basis for the kinetic theory of matter and thermal expansion of matter , which states as the temperature of a substance ...
The Dow Jones Industrial Average is chock-full of industry-leading blue chip stocks-- many of which pay dividends.But the Dow tends to underperform the S&P 500 during growth-driven rallies when ...
Move over, Wordle and Connections—there's a new NYT word game in town! The New York Times' recent game, "Strands," is becoming more and more popular as another daily activity fans can find on ...
The strategist is particularly concerned that the five biggest stocks in the US — Apple (), Nvidia, Microsoft (), Alphabet (GOOG, GOOGL), and Amazon — make up about a quarter of the S&P 500 ...