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In HTML and XML, a numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set/Unicode code point, and uses the format: &#xhhhh;. or &#nnnn; where the x must be lowercase in XML documents, hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form, and nnnn is the code point in decimal form.
This page lists codes for keyboard characters, the computer code values for common characters, such as the Unicode or HTML entity codes (see below: Table of HTML values"). There are also key chord combinations, such as keying an en dash ('–') by holding ALT+0150 on the numeric keypad of MS Windows computers.
For example, the character é (Small e with acute accent, HTML entity code é) can be obtained by pressing Alt+1 3 0. First press the Alt key (and keep it depressed) with your left hand, then press the digit keys 1, 3, 0, in sequence, one by one, in the right-side numeric keypad part of the keyboard, then release the Alt key.
HTML 4.0 Character Entity References—shows how the named and decimal character references look in one's browser FileFormat.Info —details of many Unicode characters, including the named, decimal and hexadecimal character reference, showing how it should look and for each, how it looks in one's browser
Hex input of Unicode must be enabled. In Mac OS 8.5 and later, one can choose the Unicode Hex Input keyboard layout; in OS X (10.10) Yosemite, this can be added in Keyboard → Input Sources. Holding down ⌥ Option, one types the four-digit hexadecimal Unicode code point and the equivalent character appears; one can then release the ⌥ Option ...
Incorrect HTML entity escaping may also open up security vulnerabilities for injection attacks such as cross-site scripting. If HTML attributes are left unquoted, certain characters, most importantly whitespace, such as space and tab, must be escaped using entities. Other languages related to HTML have their own methods of escaping characters.
The format is the same as for any entity reference: &name; where name is the case-sensitive name of the entity. The semicolon is required. Because numbers are harder for humans to remember than names, character entity references are most often written by humans, while numeric character references are most often produced by computer programs. [1]
Web pages authored using HyperText Markup Language may contain multilingual text represented with the Unicode universal character set.Key to the relationship between Unicode and HTML is the relationship between the "document character set", which defines the set of characters that may be present in an HTML document and assigns numbers to them, and the "external character encoding", or "charset ...