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The history of Missouri begins with settlement of the region by indigenous people during the Paleo-Indian period beginning in about 12,000 BC. Subsequent periods of native life emerged until the 17th century. New France set up small settlements, and in 1803, Napoleonic France sold the area to the U.S. as part of the Louisiana Purchase.
The Genesis of Missouri: From Wilderness Outpost to Statehood (University of Missouri Press, 1989) Gardner, James A. "The Business Career of Moses Austin in Missouri, 1798-1821." Missouri Historical Review (1956) 50#3 pp 235–47. Gitlin, Jay. The bourgeois frontier: French towns, French traders, and American expansion (Yale University Press, 2009)
Founded around 1740 by Canadian settlers and migrants from settlements in the Illinois Country just east of the Mississippi River, Ste. Geneviève is the oldest permanent European settlement in Missouri. It was named for Saint Genevieve (who lived in the 5th century AD), the patron saint of Paris, the capital of France. While most residents ...
Franklin, Missouri, founded in 1816, became a large port on the Missouri River and an early center of settlement and economic activity. There, the Boone's Lick Trail ended and William Becknell (c.1787/88-1856), blazed the Santa Fe Trail further to the southwest to the adjacent Spanish Empire 's colonial territories in its province of New Mexico .
A 1948 article in the Missouri Historical Review defined the antebellum "Little Dixie" region as a 13-county area between the Mississippi River north of St. Louis to Missouri River counties in the central part of the state (Audrain, Boone, Callaway, Chariton, Howard, Lincoln, Pike, Marion, Monroe, Ralls, Randolph, Saline, and Shelby counties).
Map of the British and French settlements in North America in 1750, before the French and Indian War (1754 to 1763). The earliest settlements in the middle Mississippi Valley were built in the 10th century by the people of the Mississippian culture, who constructed more than two dozen platform mounds within the area of the future European-American city.
The history of St. Louis, Missouri from 1804 to 1865 included the creation of St. Louis as the territorial capital of the Louisiana Territory, a brief period of growth until the Panic of 1819 and subsequent depression, rapid diversification of industry after the introduction of the steamboat and the return of prosperity, and rising tensions about the issues of immigration and slavery.
By 1826, Boone had settled on the western side of Missouri in the Westport (Kansas City) area. In 1829 he moved to Kansas Indian Territory as government agriculturalist for the Kaw Indian Agency in present-day Jefferson County, Kansas. This places Boone and his family among very earliest non-Native settlers in Kansas Territory as well.