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An important geometry related to that of the sphere is that of the real projective plane; it is obtained by identifying antipodal points (pairs of opposite points) on the sphere. Locally, the projective plane has all the properties of spherical geometry, but it has different global properties.
Many theorems from classical geometry hold true for spherical geometry as well, but not all do because the sphere fails to satisfy some of classical geometry's postulates, including the parallel postulate. In spherical trigonometry, angles are defined between great circles. Spherical trigonometry differs from ordinary trigonometry in
Spherical trigonometry is the branch of spherical geometry that deals with the metrical relationships between the sides and angles of spherical triangles, traditionally expressed using trigonometric functions. On the sphere, geodesics are great circles. Spherical trigonometry is of great importance for calculations in astronomy, geodesy, and ...
In mathematics, a spherical coordinate system is a coordinate system for three-dimensional space where the position of a given point in space is specified by three real numbers: the radial distance r along the radial line connecting the point to the fixed point of origin; the polar angle θ between the radial line and a given polar axis; [a ...
Any arc of a great circle is a geodesic of the sphere, so that great circles in spherical geometry are the natural analog of straight lines in Euclidean space. For any pair of distinct non-antipodal points on the sphere, there is a unique great circle passing through both. (Every great circle through any point also passes through its antipodal ...
An area formula for spherical triangles analogous to the formula for planar triangles. Given a fixed base , an arc of a great circle on a sphere, and two apex points and on the same side of great circle , Lexell's theorem holds that the surface area of the spherical triangle is equal to that of if and only if lies on the small-circle arc , where and are the points antipodal to and , respectively.
As such, the -sphere is the setting for -dimensional spherical geometry. Considered extrinsically, as a hypersurface embedded in ( n + 1 ) {\displaystyle (n+1)} -dimensional Euclidean space , an n {\displaystyle n} -sphere is the locus of points at equal distance (the radius ) from a given center point.
Pages in category "Spherical geometry" The following 26 pages are in this category, out of 26 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. A. Antipodal point; C.