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The Middle Passage was the stage of the Atlantic slave trade in which millions of enslaved Africans [2] were forcibly transported to the Americas as part of the triangular slave trade. Ships departed Europe for African markets with manufactured goods (first side of the triangle), which were then traded for slaves with rulers of African states ...
Triangular trade or triangle trade is trade between three ports or regions. Triangular trade usually evolves when a region has export commodities that are not required in the region from which its major imports come. It has been used to offset trade imbalances between different regions.
By 1500, Portugal and Spain had taken about 50,000 thousand West Africans. The Africans worked as domestic servants, artisans, and farmers. Other Africans were taken to work the sugar plantations on the Azores, Madeira, [97] Canary, and Cape Verde islands. Europeans participated in African enslavement because of their need for labor, profit ...
Circa 1792, settlers were predominantly Anglo-American and two out of every three slaves in the Natchez District were African-born. [15] Slaves from overseas were often re-exported through the West Indies, particularly British colonial Jamaica, [16] whose planters preferred to buy Igbo people abducted from "the Gold Coast and the Bight of Benin."
Here 700 enslaved Africans were bartered for with goods carried from England purchased. Before boarding the ship the enslaved men were put in irons in pairs by their wrists and legs, and branded with a capital "H" on the breast to claim them for the Hannibal. The captives were rowed out the waiting ship a mile and a half off-shore.
Triangular trade also stimulated the rise of "direct" trade between Nantes and the islands, as at the end of their circuit the slave traders themselves only brought back the commodities derived from the sale of slaves in "plantation colonies", such as sugar and coffee, therefore requiring other ships to come from Nantes and load up the surplus. [8]
The colonial roots of gender inequality refers to the political, educational, and economic inequalities between men and women in Africa.According to a Global Gender Gap Index [1] report published in 2018, it would take 135 years to close the gender gap in Sub-Saharan Africa and nearly 153 years in North Africa.
Law, Robin, "Slave-Raiders and Middlemen, Monopolists and Free-Traders: The Supply of Slaves for the Atlantic Trade in Dahomey c. 1750-1850", The Journal of African History, Vol.30, No. 1, 1989. Law, Robin. The Slave Coast of West Africa 1550–1750: The Impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on an African Society. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1991.