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During the Last Glacial Maximum, much of the world was cold, dry, and inhospitable, with frequent storms and a dust-laden atmosphere. The dustiness of the atmosphere is a prominent feature in ice cores; dust levels were as much as 20 to 25 times greater than they are in the present.
The Laurentide ice sheet (LIS) was a massive sheet of ice that covered millions of square miles, including most of Canada and a large portion of the Northern United States, multiple times during the Quaternary glaciation epochs, from 2.58 million years ago to the present.
North American black bear mtDNA phylogeography: implications for morphology and the Haida Gwaii glacial refugium controversy. Evolution 51:1647–1653. Richard B. Waitt, Jr., and Robert M. Thorson, 1983. The Cordilleran Ice Sheet in Washington, Idaho, and Montana.
The Wisconsin glacial episode was the last major advance of continental glaciers in the North American Laurentide ice sheet. At the height of glaciation, the Bering land bridge potentially permitted migration of mammals, including people, to North America from Siberia. It radically altered the geography of North America north of the Ohio River.
Glacial refugia are areas that climate changes were not as severe, and where species could recolonize after deglaciation. [2] Globally, the temperatures during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) were 4.0 ± 0.8 °C cooler than present day. [3] The colder climate contributed to ice sheet growth in North America, Europe, and Antarctica. At this time ...
During the last glacial maximum, northern North America was covered by an ice sheet, which alternately advanced and retreated with variations in the climate.This continental ice sheet formed during the period now known as the Wisconsin glaciation, and covered much of central North America between 30,000 and 10,000 years ago.
The maximum ice extent occurred about 25,000–21,000 years ago during the last glacial maximum, also known as the Late Wisconsin in North America. The Last Glacial Period caused a much lower global sea level. This glaciation radically altered the geography north of the Ohio River, creating the Great Lakes.
Map generated from shapefile published by Ray, N. and J. M. Adams. 2001, “ A GIS-based Vegetation Map of the World at the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000-15,000 BP ...