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The nilradical of a commutative ring is the set of all nilpotent elements in the ring, or equivalently the radical of the zero ideal.This is an ideal because the sum of any two nilpotent elements is nilpotent (by the binomial formula), and the product of any element with a nilpotent element is nilpotent (by commutativity).
In mathematics, more specifically ring theory, a left, right or two-sided ideal of a ring is said to be a nil ideal if each of its elements is nilpotent. [1] [2]The nilradical of a commutative ring is an example of a nil ideal; in fact, it is the ideal of the ring maximal with respect to the property of being nil.
Consider the ring of integers.. The radical of the ideal of integer multiples of is (the evens).; The radical of is .; The radical of is .; In general, the radical of is , where is the product of all distinct prime factors of , the largest square-free factor of (see Radical of an integer).
If R is commutative, the Jacobson radical always contains the nilradical. If the ring R is a finitely generated Z-algebra, then the nilradical is equal to the Jacobson radical, and more generally: the radical of any ideal I will always be equal to the intersection of all the maximal ideals of R that contain I. This says that R is a Jacobson ring.
For a general ring with unity R, the Jacobson radical J(R) is defined as the ideal of all elements r ∈ R such that rM = 0 whenever M is a simple R-module.That is, = {=}. This is equivalent to the definition in the commutative case for a commutative ring R because the simple modules over a commutative ring are of the form R / for some maximal ideal of R, and the annihilators of R / in R are ...
In algebra, the nilradical of a Lie algebra is a nilpotent ideal, which is as large as possible. The nilradical n i l ( g ) {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {nil}}({\mathfrak {g}})} of a finite-dimensional Lie algebra g {\displaystyle {\mathfrak {g}}} is its maximal nilpotent ideal , which exists because the sum of any two nilpotent ideals is nilpotent.
The nilpotent elements of a commutative ring R form an ideal of R, called the nilradical of R; therefore a commutative ring is reduced if and only if its nilradical is zero. Moreover, a commutative ring is reduced if and only if the only element contained in all prime ideals is zero. A quotient ring R/I is reduced if and only if I is a radical ...
Every radical ideal is an intersection of maximal ideals. Every Goldman ideal is maximal. Every quotient ring of R by a prime ideal has a zero Jacobson radical. In every quotient ring, the nilradical is equal to the Jacobson radical. Every finitely generated algebra over R that is a field is finitely generated as an R-module. (Zariski's lemma)