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Marquois scales in a case of drawing instruments (top) and on their own (bottom) Marquois scales (also known as Marquois parallel scales or Marquois scale and triangle or military scales) are a mathematical instrument that found widespread use in Britain, particularly in military surveying, from the late 18th century to World War II.
The Oxford Set of Mathematical Instruments is a set of instruments used by generations of school children in the United Kingdom and around the world in mathematics and geometry lessons. It includes two set squares, a 180° protractor, a 15 cm ruler, a metal compass, a metal divider, a 9 cm pencil, a pencil sharpener, an eraser and a 10mm stencil.
Ramsden was born at Salterhebble, Halifax, West Riding of Yorkshire, England [1] the son of Thomas Ramsden, an innkeeper and his wife Abigail née Flather. [1]Having attended the free school at Halifax from 1744 to 1747, he was sent at the age of twelve to his maternal uncle, Mr Craven, in the North Riding, and there studied mathematics under the Rev. Mr. Hall.
It outlined the various instruments used in surveying, and how they were employed. [10] It remained one of the standard references in the field into the 18th century. It instructed property surveyors on the construction of property maps, and how to make the appropriate coloured inks for the maps. [ 11 ]
Henry Sutton (ca. 1637-1665) was an English instrument maker who operated out of London from 1650 to 1661. He is known for his high-quality engravings of scales and quadrants. [1] His colleagues included Samuel Knibb (1625-1674) and John Marke (17th century). He was described in the 18th century by Edmund Stone thus: "Mr Sutton's Quadrants ...
William Oughtred (5 March 1574 – 30 June 1660), [1] also Owtred, Uhtred, etc., was an English mathematician and Anglican clergyman. [2] [3] [4] After John Napier discovered logarithms and Edmund Gunter created the logarithmic scales (lines, or rules) upon which slide rules are based, Oughtred was the first to use two such scales sliding by one another to perform direct multiplication and ...
This was the origin of Bird's two treatises The Method of Dividing Mathematical Instruments (1767) and The Method of Constructing Mural Quadrants (1768). Both had a foreword from the astronomer-royal Nevil Maskelyne. When the Houses of Parliament burned down in 1834, the standard yards of 1758 and 1760, both constructed by Bird, were destroyed
Simms' work formed the basis of the treatise on mathematical instruments written by his younger brother Frederick Walter Simms, who went on to become an important writer on civil engineering. His reputation was enhanced by the improvements he made to graduating instruments and his self-acting circular dividing engine reduced the work involved ...