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[11] [12] To prevent time-temperature abuse, the amount of time food spends in the danger zone must be minimized. [13] A logarithmic relationship exists between microbial cell death and temperature, that is, a small decrease of cooking temperature can result in considerable numbers of cells surviving the process. [14]
New details about a study that warned against black plastic spatulas and other kitchen tools have come out. (Getty Creative) (Анатолий Тушенцов via Getty Images)
Fat Quality Smoke point [caution 1]; Almond oil: 221 °C: 430 °F [1]: Avocado oil: Refined: 271 °C: 520 °F [2] [3]: Avocado oil: Unrefined: 250 °C: 482 °F [4]: Beef tallow: 250 °C: 480 °F
Kitchen utensils in bronze discovered in Pompeii. Illustration by Hercule Catenacci in 1864. Benjamin Thompson noted at the start of the 19th century that kitchen utensils were commonly made of copper, with various efforts made to prevent the copper from reacting with food (particularly its acidic contents) at the temperatures used for cooking, including tinning, enamelling, and varnishing.
For most mixing tasks, a room-temperature bowl is sufficient," Stewart says. Overloading the mixer. Stewart says that exceeding the capacity can strain the motor or cause ingredients to spill over ...
This reaction is responsible for why meat, and many other food products, turn brown when cooked. This reaction only occurs at high temperatures. Water vapor is a byproduct of the Maillard reaction. The water molecules create a physical barrier between the proteins on the surface of the meat and the triglyceride molecules in the oil.
Used for lifting or turning food during cooking Flour sifter: Blends flour with other ingredients and aerates it in the process. [4] Food mill: Used to mash or sieve soft foods. Typically consists of a bowl, a plate with holes like a colander, and a crank with a bent metal blade which crushes the food and forces it through the holes. Funnel
The temperature of tap water should not exceed 38–45 °C (100–113 °F) to prevent discomfort and scalding. [2] However, it is necessary to keep warm water at a temperature of 55–60 °C (131–140 °F) to inhibit the growth of legionella bacteria.