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Hexadecimal (also known as base-16 or simply hex) is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent values 0 to 9 and "A"–"F" to represent values from ten to fifteen.
The first true written positional numeral system is considered to be the Hindu–Arabic numeral system.This system was established by the 7th century in India, [1] but was not yet in its modern form because the use of the digit zero had not yet been widely accepted.
The base-2 numeral system is a positional notation with a radix of 2.Each digit is referred to as a bit, or binary digit.Because of its straightforward implementation in digital electronic circuitry using logic gates, the binary system is used by almost all modern computers and computer-based devices, as a preferred system of use, over various other human techniques of communication, because ...
The integers arranged on a number line. An integer is the number zero (), a positive natural number (1, 2, 3, . . .), or the negation of a positive natural number ...
Let be a natural number.For base >, let the function () be the digit sum of in base .A natural number with prime factorization =, is a Smith number if =, (). Here the exponent () is the multiplicity of as a prime factor of (also known as the p-adic valuation of ).
The number 18 is a harshad number in base 10, because the sum of the digits 1 and 8 is 9, and 18 is divisible by 9.; The Hardy–Ramanujan number (1729) is a harshad number in base 10, since it is divisible by 19, the sum of its digits (1729 = 19 × 91).
In mathematics, the factorial of a non-negative integer, denoted by !, is the product of all positive integers less than or equal to . The factorial of also equals the product of with the next smaller factorial: ! = () = ()! For example, ! =! = =
The Sherwood number (Sh) (also called the mass transfer Nusselt number) is a dimensionless number used in mass-transfer operation. It represents the ratio of the total mass transfer rate (convection + diffusion) to the rate of diffusive mass transport, [1] and is named in honor of Thomas Kilgore Sherwood.