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This makes plutonium very sensitive to changes in temperature, pressure, or chemistry, and allows for dramatic volume changes following phase transitions. [5] Unlike most materials, plutonium increases in density when it melts, by 2.5%, but the liquid metal exhibits a linear decrease in density with temperature. [ 6 ]
Trace amounts of plutonium-238, plutonium-239, plutonium-240, and plutonium-244 can be found in nature. Small traces of plutonium-239, a few parts per trillion , and its decay products are naturally found in some concentrated ores of uranium, [ 54 ] such as the natural nuclear fission reactor in Oklo , Gabon . [ 55 ]
J.A. Dean (ed.), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6, Thermodynamic Properties; Table 6.4, Heats of Fusion, Vaporization, and Sublimation and Specific Heat at Various Temperatures of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds
battery, Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), low power design as used in consumer batteries [29] 0.4: 1.55: Liquid Nitrogen: 0.349: Water – Enthalpy of Fusion: 0.334: 0.334: battery, Zinc–Bromine flow (ZnBr) [30] 0.27: battery, Nickel–metal hydride (NiMH), High-Power design as used in cars [31] 0.250: 0.493: battery, Nickel–Cadmium (NiCd ...
The creation of sparks from metals is based on the pyrophoricity of small metal particles, and pyrophoric alloys are made for this purpose. [2] Practical applications include the sparking mechanisms in lighters and various toys, using ferrocerium; starting fires without matches, using a firesteel; the flintlock mechanism in firearms; and spark testing ferrous metals.
As quoted in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition.CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals
All values refer to 25 °C and to the thermodynamically stable standard state at that temperature unless noted. Values from CRC refer to "100 kPa (1 bar or 0.987 standard atmospheres)". Lange indirectly defines the values to be standard atmosphere of "1 atm (101325 Pa)", although citing the same NBS and JANAF sources among others.
When heated to 150–180 °C, it decomposes with autooxidation to plutonium (VI) with the formation of plutonyl nitrate (PuO 2 (NO 3) 2).Upon evaporation of concentrated nitric acid solutions of plutonium nitrate and alkali metal nitrates, double nitrates of the composition M 2 [Pu(NO 3) 6] are formed, where M = Cs +, Rb +, K +, Tl +, NH 4 +, analogous to ceric ammonium nitrate.