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The first few steps of the reflect-and-prefix method. 4-bit Gray code permutation. The binary-reflected Gray code list for n bits can be generated recursively from the list for n − 1 bits by reflecting the list (i.e. listing the entries in reverse order), prefixing the entries in the original list with a binary 0, prefixing the entries in the ...
For instance, using a 32-bit format, 16 bits may be used for the integer and 16 for the fraction. The eight's bit is followed by the four's bit, then the two's bit, then the one's bit. The fractional bits continue the pattern set by the integer bits. The next bit is the half's bit, then the quarter's bit, then the eighth's bit, and so on. For ...
A simple arithmetic calculator was first included with Windows 1.0. [5]In Windows 3.0, a scientific mode was added, which included exponents and roots, logarithms, factorial-based functions, trigonometry (supports radian, degree and gradians angles), base conversions (2, 8, 10, 16), logic operations, statistical functions such as single variable statistics and linear regression.
The reason for adding 6 is that there are 16 possible 4-bit BCD values (since 2 4 = 16), but only 10 values are valid (0000 through 1001). For example: 1001 + 1000 = 10001 9 + 8 = 17 10001 is the binary, not decimal, representation of the desired result, but the most significant 1 (the "carry") cannot fit in a 4-bit binary number.
The 5-bit Baudot code used in early synchronous multiplexing telegraphs can be seen as an offset-1 (excess-1) reflected binary (Gray) code. One historically prominent example of offset-64 (excess-64) notation was in the floating point (exponential) notation in the IBM System/360 and System/370 generations of computers.
Aiken code (symmetry property) Aiken code in hexadecimal coding. The following weighting is obtained for the Aiken code: 2-4-2-1. One might think that double codes are possible for a number, for example 1011 and 0101 could represent 5. However, here one makes sure that the digits 0 to 4 are mirror image complementary to the numbers 5 to 9.
In a move or convert operation, zero extension refers to setting the high bits of the destination to zero, rather than setting them to a copy of the most significant bit of the source. If the source of the operation is an unsigned number, then zero extension is usually the correct way to move it to a larger field while preserving its numeric ...
Excess-3, 3-excess [1] [2] [3] or 10-excess-3 binary code (often abbreviated as XS-3, [4] 3XS [1] or X3 [5] [6]), shifted binary [7] or Stibitz code [1] [2] [8] [9] (after George Stibitz, [10] who built a relay-based adding machine in 1937 [11] [12]) is a self-complementary binary-coded decimal (BCD) code and numeral system. It is a biased ...