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Primary treatment is the "removal of a portion of the suspended solids and organic matter from the sewage". [5]: 11 It consists of allowing sewage to pass slowly through a basin where heavy solids can settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids float to the surface and are skimmed off.
Lamella clarifier (inclined plate clarifier) [1] Living Machine; Maceration (sewage) Media filter; Membrane bioreactor; Membrane distillation; Membrane fouling; Microbial fuel cell; Microflotation; Moving bed biofilm reactor; Nanotechnology; Nereda; Oil–water separator; Organisms used in water purification; Parallel plate oil–water ...
Settling basins and clarifiers can be designed as long rectangles (Figure 1.a), that are hydraulically more stable and easier to control for large volumes. Circular clarifiers (Fig. 1.b) work as a common thickener (without the usage of rakes), or as upflow tanks (Fig. 1.c). [citation needed] Sedimentation efficiency does not depend on the tank ...
Extended aeration agitates all incoming waste in the sludge from a single clarifier. The combined sludge starts with a higher concentration of inert solids than typical secondary sludge and the longer mixing time required for digestion of primary solids in addition to dissolved organics produces aged sludge requiring greater mixing energy input per unit of waste oxidized.
The quantity or “age” of sludge within the tank is closely monitored, as this can have a marked effect on the treatment process. The sludge is allowed to settle until clear water is on the top 20 to 30 percent of the tank contents. The decanting stage most commonly involves the slow lowering of a scoop or “trough” into the basin.
Schematic diagram of a typical rotating biological contactor (RBC). The treated effluent clarifier/settler is not included in the diagram. A rotating biological contactor or RBC is a biological fixed-film treatment process used in the secondary treatment of wastewater following primary treatment.