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Fixed-film or attached growth secondary treatment bioreactors are similar to a plug flow reactor model circulating water over surfaces colonized by biofilm, while suspended-growth bioreactors resemble a continuous stirred-tank reactor keeping microorganisms suspended while water is being treated. Secondary treatment bioreactors may be followed ...
Extended aeration agitates all incoming waste in the sludge from a single clarifier. The combined sludge starts with a higher concentration of inert solids than typical secondary sludge and the longer mixing time required for digestion of primary solids in addition to dissolved organics produces aged sludge requiring greater mixing energy input per unit of waste oxidized.
Lamella clarifier (inclined plate clarifier) [1] Living Machine; Maceration (sewage) Media filter; Membrane bioreactor; Membrane distillation; Membrane fouling; Microbial fuel cell; Microflotation; Moving bed biofilm reactor; Nanotechnology; Nereda; Oil–water separator; Organisms used in water purification; Parallel plate oil–water ...
However, coagulation and flocculation can be used for building a compact treatment plant (also called a "package treatment plant"), or for further polishing of the treated water. [ 8 ] Sedimentation tanks called 'secondary clarifiers' remove flocs of biological growth created in some methods of secondary treatment including activated sludge ...
Settling basins and clarifiers can be designed as long rectangles (Figure 1.a), that are hydraulically more stable and easier to control for large volumes. Circular clarifiers (Fig. 1.b) work as a common thickener (without the usage of rakes), or as upflow tanks (Fig. 1.c). [citation needed] Sedimentation efficiency does not depend on the tank ...
Schematic diagram of a typical rotating biological contactor (RBC). The treated effluent clarifier/settler is not included in the diagram. A rotating biological contactor or RBC is a biological fixed-film treatment process used in the secondary treatment of wastewater following primary treatment.
The quantity or “age” of sludge within the tank is closely monitored, as this can have a marked effect on the treatment process. The sludge is allowed to settle until clear water is on the top 20 to 30 percent of the tank contents. The decanting stage most commonly involves the slow lowering of a scoop or “trough” into the basin.
Additionally, AOPs can be used to treat effluent of secondary treated wastewater which is then called tertiary treatment. [6] The contaminant materials are largely converted into stable inorganic compounds such as water, carbon dioxide and salts, i.e. they undergo mineralization.