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Scar sarcoid (also known as "Sarcoidosis in scars") is a cutaneous condition characterized by infiltration and elevation of tattoos and old flat scars due to sarcoidosis. [2]: 710 Mucosal sarcoidosis is a cutaneous condition characterized by pinhead-sized papules that may be grouped and fused together to form a flat plaque. [2]: 711
Incidence is highest for individuals younger than 40 and peaks in the age-group from 20 to 29 years; a second peak is observed for women over 50. [19] [145] Sarcoidosis occurs throughout the world in all races with an average incidence of 16.5 per 100,000 in men and 19 per 100,000 in women.
There have been 150,000 to 200,000 diagnosed cases of sarcoidosis in the U.S., and advocates are working to raise awareness and help find a cure.
An octreotide scan is a type of SPECT scintigraphy used to find carcinoid, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and to localize sarcoidosis. It is also called somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS). Octreotide, a drug similar to somatostatin, is radiolabeled with indium-111, [1] and is injected into a vein and travels through the bloodstream.
Löfgren syndrome is a type of acute sarcoidosis, [1] an inflammatory disorder characterized by swollen lymph nodes in the chest, tender red nodules on the shins, fever and arthritis. [2] It is more common in women than men, and is more frequent in those of Scandinavian, Irish, African and Puerto Rican heritage.
The generally acknowledged theory proposes that a complex interplay among genetic predisposition, immunological dysregulation, and environmental factors leads to sarcoidosis. [3] It is believed that an augmented cell-mediated immune response to one or more undiscovered antigens is the cause of the granulomatous inflammation. [ 6 ]
It was co-founded by D. Geraint James, who had set up the first international conference on sarcoidosis almost 30 years earlier at the Brompton Hospital. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] References
The peak incidence of sarcoidosis and testicular neoplasia coincide at 20–40 years and this is why most patients end up having an orchiectomy. However, testicular tumours are much more common in white men, less than 3.5% of all testicular tumours being found in black men. [ 6 ]