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Fortran (/ ˈ f ɔːr t r æ n /; formerly FORTRAN) is a third generation, compiled, imperative programming language that is especially suited to numeric computation and scientific computing. Fortran was originally developed by IBM. [3] It first compiled correctly in 1958. [4]
The first high-level language to have an associated compiler was created by Corrado Böhm in 1951, for his PhD thesis. [3] The first commercially available language was FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation), developed in 1956 (first manual appeared in 1956, but first developed in 1954) by a team led by John Backus at IBM.
FORTRAN IV: IBM: FORTRAN II 1962 APL (concept) Kenneth E. Iverson: none (unique language) 1962 Simula (concept) Ole-Johan Dahl (mostly) ALGOL 60 1962 SNOBOL: Ralph Griswold, et al. FORTRAN II, COMIT 1963 Combined Programming Language (CPL) (concept) Barron, Christopher Strachey, et al. ALGOL 60 1963 SNOBOL3 Griswold, et al. SNOBOL 1963 ALGOL 68 ...
In 1953, Backus developed the language Speedcoding, the first high-level language created for an IBM computer, to aid in software development for the IBM 701 computer. [11] Programming was very difficult at this time, and in 1954 Backus assembled a team to define and develop Fortran for the IBM 704 computer.
FORTRAN was developed by a team led by John Backus at IBM in the 1950s. The first compiler was released in 1957. The first compiler was released in 1957. The language proved so popular for scientific and technical computing that by 1963 all major manufacturers had implemented or announced FORTRAN for their computers.
The programming languages FORTRAN [6] and LISP [7] were first developed for the 704, as was the SAP assembler—Symbolic Assembly Program, later distributed by SHARE as SHARE Assembly Program. MUSIC, the first computer music program, was developed on the IBM 704 by Max Mathews.
First introduced in the late 1950s, Fortran, ALGOL, and COBOL are examples of early 3GLs. Most popular general-purpose languages today, such as C , C++ , C# , Java , and BASIC , are also third-generation languages, although each of these languages can be further subdivided into other categories based on other contemporary traits.
WATFIV (Waterloo FORTRAN IV), developed at the University of Waterloo, Canada is an implementation of the Fortran computer programming language. It is the successor of WATFOR . WATFIV was used from the late 1960s into the mid-1980s.