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Red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) is a storable oxidizer used as a rocket propellant. It consists of nitric acid (H N O 3), dinitrogen tetroxide (N 2 O 4) and a small amount of water. The color of red fuming nitric acid is due to the dinitrogen tetroxide, which breaks down partially to form nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen dioxide dissolves until the ...
Fuming nitric acid is hazardous to handle and transport, because it is extremely corrosive and volatile. For industrial use, such strong nitration mixtures are prepared by mixing oleum with ordinary commercial nitric acid so that the free sulfur trioxide in the oleum consumes the water in the nitric acid.
White fuming nitric acid, pure nitric acid or WFNA, is very close to anhydrous nitric acid. It is available as 99.9% nitric acid by assay, or about 24 molar . One specification for white fuming nitric acid is that it has a maximum of 2% water and a maximum of 0.5% dissolved NO 2 .
Aqua regia (/ ˈ r eɪ ɡ i ə, ˈ r iː dʒ i ə /; from Latin, "regal water" or "royal water") is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. [ b ] Aqua regia is a fuming liquid.
Furfuryl alcohol + IRFNA (or red fuming nitric acid) – Copenhagen Suborbitals SPECTRA Engine [26] [5]: 27 Furfuryl alcohol + WFNA (or white fuming nitric acid) [5]: 27 Hydrazine + nitric acid (toxic but stable), abandoned due to lack of reliable ignition. No engine with this combination ever went into mass production.
Fuming nitric acid contaminated with yellow nitrogen dioxide Nitric acid (HNO 3 ) is by far the most important and the most stable of the nitrogen oxoacids. It is one of the three most used acids (the other two being sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid ) and was first discovered by the alchemists in the 13th century.
Both propellants are extremely dangerous individually: nitric acid is highly corrosive and releases toxic nitrogen dioxide during reactions, or even simply while exposed to air in its highly concentrated "red fuming" form, typically used as rocket propellant. UDMH is both toxic and corrosive.
The Carius halogen method in analytical chemistry is a method for the quantitative determination of halogens in chemical substances. [1]A known mass of an organic compound is heated with fuming nitric acid in the presence of silver nitrate contained in a hard glass tube known as carius tube, in a furnace.