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Abnormal posturing is an involuntary flexion or extension of the arms and legs, indicating severe brain injury.It occurs when one set of muscles becomes incapacitated while the opposing set is not, and an external stimulus such as pain causes the working set of muscles to contract. [1]
Research in brain damage as a result of repeated head injuries began in the 1920s, at which time the condition was known as dementia pugilistica or "boxer's dementia", "boxer's madness", or "punch drunk syndrome". [1] [3] It has been proposed that the rules of some sports be changed as a means of prevention. [1]
Traumatic brain injury may cause damage to the hypothalamus or the pituitary gland, and deficiencies of pituitary hormones (hypopituitarism) can cause similar symptoms to post-concussion syndrome; in these cases, symptoms can be treated by replacing any hormones that are deficient. [medical citation needed]
Not everyone fully heals from brain damage, but it is possible to have a full recovery. Brain injuries are very hard to predict in outcome. Many tests and specialists are needed to determine the likelihood of the prognosis. People with minor brain damage can have debilitating side effects; not just severe brain damage has debilitating effects. [49]
Other important health indicators include leading cause of death, life expectancy, neo-natal mortality rate, and the maternal mortality ratio. [3] It is noted that unlike many other Asian Americans, a lot of Filipino Americans suffer from a founder effect due to the Philippine islands being isolated from much of the world until Spanish ...
DLB typically begins after the age of fifty, [2] and people with the disease have an average life expectancy, with wide variability, of about four years after diagnosis. [8] There is no cure or medication to stop the disease from progressing, and people in the latter stages of DLB may be unable to care for themselves.
The chances of recovery depend on the extent of injury to the brain and the patient's age – younger patients having a better chance of recovery than older patients. A 1994 report found that of those who were in a vegetative state a month after a trauma, 54% had regained consciousness by a year after the trauma, whereas 28% had died and 18% ...
It is suitable for patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. The WPTAS is the most common post-traumatic amnesia scale used in Australia and New Zealand. [32] An abbreviated version has been developed to assess patients with mild traumatic brain injury, the Abbreviated Westmead PTA Scale (AWPTAS). [33]