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The Soviet educational system was organized into three levels. The names of these levels were and are still used to rate the education standards of persons or particular schools, despite differences in the exact terminology used by each profession or school. Military, militsiya, KGB and Party schools were also graded according to these levels.
Education in state-owned secondary schools is free; first tertiary (university level) education is free with reservations: a substantial number of students enroll on full pay. Male and female students have equal shares in all stages of education, [ 6 ] except in tertiary education where women lead with 57%.
Soviet military education was aimed at training of officer-specialists in narrowly-defined military occupational specialties, and it differed greatly from American military education system in which newly-qualified second lieutenants receive particular specialties in the framework of their "career branch" only after graduation from military ...
The Diploma of Specialist (Russian: дипло́м специали́ста, romanized: diplóm spetsialísta) is a five-year higher-education diploma that was the only first higher-education diploma in the former Soviet Union (the Candidate of Sciences was the first academic level degree while the Doctor of Sciences was the highest academic credential) and continues to be offered throughout ...
(Note: In the terminology of the Soviet Union, the "secondary school" included primary education as well, i.e., it encompassed grades 1–10.) Foreign language schools started study of a particular foreign language since the 1st grade (in regular Soviet schools foreign language was introduced in the 5th grade) and, since some grade (commonly ...
This system was popular among Soviet satellite states and was used in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Poland, and Romania until the breakup of the USSR in 1991. [3] Russia continued the system, and former Soviet republics Belarus , Moldova , Kazakhstan , Kyrgyzstan , Tajikistan , Ukraine and Uzbekistan also maintain a similar or ...
In the USSR education system, social studies was a mandatory course for all senior-class secondary-school students and represented the world as Soviet officials wanted their young people to see and understand it. In order to indoctrinate students about Communism, the course contained "much distortion, half-truth, and deliberate falsification."
The Narkompros budget for literacy education dropped from 2.8% in 1924–5 to 1.6% in 1927–8. [15] Likbez literary schools were not established locally by order of Party elites—instead, they relied heavily on grassroots demand. [16]