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The function in example 1, a removable discontinuity. Consider the piecewise function = {< = >. The point = is a removable discontinuity.For this kind of discontinuity: The one-sided limit from the negative direction: = and the one-sided limit from the positive direction: + = + at both exist, are finite, and are equal to = = +.
Let be a real-valued monotone function defined on an interval. Then the set of discontinuities of the first kind is at most countable.. One can prove [5] [3] that all points of discontinuity of a monotone real-valued function defined on an interval are jump discontinuities and hence, by our definition, of the first kind.
The early identification of self-similar solutions of the second kind can be found in problems of imploding shock waves (Guderley–Landau–Stanyukovich problem), analyzed by G. Guderley (1942) and Lev Landau and K. P. Stanyukovich (1944), [3] and propagation of shock waves by a short impulse, analysed by Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker [4] and ...
The following table gives an overview of Green's functions of frequently appearing differential operators, where = + +, = +, is the Heaviside step function, () is a Bessel function, () is a modified Bessel function of the first kind, and () is a modified Bessel function of the second kind. [2]
The general Legendre equation reads ″ ′ + [(+)] =, where the numbers λ and μ may be complex, and are called the degree and order of the relevant function, respectively. . The polynomial solutions when λ is an integer (denoted n), and μ = 0 are the Legendre polynomials P n; and when λ is an integer (denoted n), and μ = m is also an integer with | m | < n are the associated Legendre ...
A linear map between two topological vector spaces, such as normed spaces for example, is continuous (everywhere) if and only if there exists a point at which it is continuous, in which case it is even uniformly continuous. Consequently, every linear map is either continuous everywhere or else continuous nowhere.
The Chebyshev polynomials of the second kind are defined by the recurrence relation: = = + = (). Notice that the two sets of recurrence relations are identical, except for () = vs. () =.
An infinite discontinuity is the special case when either the left hand or right hand limit does not exist, specifically because it is infinite, and the other limit is either also infinite, or is some well defined finite number. In other words, the function has an infinite discontinuity when its graph has a vertical asymptote.