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Dextran chains are of varying lengths (from 3 to 2000 kilodaltons). The polymer main chain consists of α-1,6 glycosidic linkages between glucose monomers, with branches from α-1,3 linkages. This characteristic branching distinguishes a dextran from a dextrin, which is a straight chain glucose polymer tethered by α-1,4 or α-1,6 linkages. [2]
Cyclodextrins have toroidal structures formed by 6–8 glucose residues. Amylodextrin is a linear dextrin or short chained amylose (DP 20-30) that can be produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of the alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds or debranching amylopectin. Amylodextrin colors blue with iodine.
Glucose (dextrose) has a molecular mass of 180, while water has a molecular mass of 18. For each 2 glucose monomers binding, a water molecule is removed. Therefore, the molecular mass of a glucose polymer can be calculated by using the formula (180*n - 18*(n-1)) with n the DP (degree of polymerisation) of the glucose polymer.
The glucose units are primarily linked with α(1→4) glycosidic bonds, like those seen in the linear derivative of glycogen (after the removal of α1,6- branching). [ 1 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Commercial maltodextrin is typically composed of a mixture of chains that vary from three to 17 glucose units long.
Corn syrup – sweet syrup produced from corn starch that may contain glucose, maltose and other sugars. Date sugar [1] Dehydrated cane juice [1] Demerara sugar [1] Dextrin [1] – an incompletely hydrolyzed starch made from a variety of grains or other starchy foods. Dextrose [1] – same as glucose, dextrose is an alternative name of glucose
Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS), or dextran sodium sulphate (or any of the former with "sulfate") is a synthetic sulphated polysaccharide with anticoagulant activity used in immunological research to induce colitis. [1] [2] Dextran polymer molecules with a molecular weight of 36–50 kDa are frequently used to this end. [2]