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Private equity (PE) is stock in a private company that does not offer stock to the general public. In the field of finance, private equity is offered instead to specialized investment funds and limited partnerships that take an active role in the management and structuring of the companies.
In the 2020s private equity firms needed to respond to the COVID-19 recession. In the early 2020s private equity funding exploded. [1] Private equity firm Silver Lake was involved in the costly 2020 acquisition of Twitter by Elon Musk. [2] The World Economic Forum suggested private equity would fund the post-recession revival of the economy. [3]
In 2006, private equity firms bought 654 U.S. companies for $375 billion, representing 18 times the level of transactions closed in 2003. [84] U.S. based private equity firms raised $215.4 billion in investor commitments to 322 funds, surpassing the previous record set in 2000 by 22% and 33% higher than the 2005 fundraising total. [85]
Each year Private Equity International publishes the PEI 300, a ranking of the largest private-equity firms by how much capital they have raised for private-equity investment in the last five years. [1] In the 2024 ranking, Blackstone Inc. retained the top spot from KKR. [2]
In 2019, Senator Elizabeth Warren introduced legislation aimed at regulating private equity firms. Co-sponsored by Senators Kirsten Gillibrand and Bernie Sanders, among others, the bill aimed to hold firms liable for the debts and pension obligations of portfolio companies, and restrict private equity firms' receipt of dividends and fees from acquired companies. [7]
The early history of private equity relates to one of the major periods in the history of private equity and venture capital.Within the broader private equity industry, two distinct sub-industries, leveraged buyouts and venture capital experienced growth along parallel although interrelated tracks.
The SEIU, and other critics, point out that many wealthy private equity investors pay taxes at lower rates (because the majority of their income is derived from carried interest, payments received from the profits on a private equity fund's investments) than many of the rank and file employees of a private equity firm's portfolio companies. [112]
Diagram of the structure of a generic private equity firm. A private equity firm or private equity company (often described as a financial sponsor) is an investment management company that provides financial backing and makes investments in the private equity of a startup or of an existing operating company with the end goal to make a profit on its investments.