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AMP can be produced from ADP by the myokinase (adenylate kinase) reaction when the ATP reservoir in the cell is low: [5] [6] 2 ADP → ATP + AMP. Or AMP may be produced by the hydrolysis of one high energy phosphate bond of ADP: ADP + H 2 O → AMP + P i. AMP can also be formed by hydrolysis of ATP into AMP and pyrophosphate: ATP + H 2 O → ...
3′-Phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) is a derivative of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) that is phosphorylated at the 3′ position and has a sulfate group attached to the 5′ phosphate. It is the most common coenzyme in sulfotransferase reactions and hence part of sulfation pathways . [ 1 ]
[2] [3] [4] AMP is produced after strenuous muscle contraction when the ATP reservoir is low (ADP > ATP) by the adenylate kinase (myokinase) reaction. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] AMP is also produced from adenine and adenosine directly; however, AMP can be produced through less direct metabolic pathways, such as de novo synthesis of IMP or through salvage ...
Adenylylation, [1] [2] more commonly known as AMPylation, is a process in which an adenosine monophosphate (AMP) molecule is covalently attached to the amino acid side chain of a protein. [3] This covalent addition of AMP to a hydroxyl side chain of the protein is a post-translational modification . [ 4 ]
As can be seen in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) images, the 'cyclic' portion consists of two bonds between the phosphate group and the 3' and 5' hydroxyl groups of the sugar, very often a ribose. Their biological significance includes a broad range of protein-ligand interactions.
ADP can be further hydrolyzed to give energy, adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and another inorganic phosphate (P i). [1] ATP hydrolysis is the final link between the energy derived from food or sunlight and useful work such as muscle contraction , the establishment of electrochemical gradients across membranes, and biosynthetic processes ...
Adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate is produced as a product of sulfotransferase enzymes from the donation of a sulfate group from the coenzyme 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This product is then hydrolysed by 3'(2'),5'-bisphosphate nucleotidase to give adenosine monophosphate , which can then be recycled into adenosine triphosphate .
In enzymology, a nucleoside-triphosphate-adenylate kinase (EC 2.7.4.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. nucleoside triphosphate + AMP nucleoside diphosphate + ADP. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are nucleoside triphosphate and AMP, whereas its two products are nucleoside diphosphate and ADP.