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An external ventricular drain (EVD), also known as a ventriculostomy or extraventricular drain, is a device used in neurosurgery to treat hydrocephalus and relieve elevated intracranial pressure when the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inside the brain is obstructed.
It is located on the parietal bone, above the lambdoid suture, 3 to 4 cm lateral to the midline and 6 cm above the inion. [11] It is a common site for ventricular cannulation in the context of inserting a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for the treatment of hydrocephalus. It was first described by C H Frazier in 1928. [12]
When catheter drainage is temporary, it is commonly referred to as an external ventricular drain (EVD). When catheter drainage is permanent, it is usually referred to as a shunt. There are many catheter-based ventricular shunts that are named for where they terminate, for example, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt terminates in the peritoneal cavity ...
The ventricular system is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord from the fourth ventricle, [3] allowing for the flow of CSF to circulate. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] All of the ventricular system and the central canal of the spinal cord are lined with ependyma , a specialised form of epithelium connected by tight junctions that make up the blood ...
An external ventricular drain (EVD), also known as an extraventricular drain or ventriculostomy, provides relief in the short term. [49] In the long term, some people will need any of the various types of cerebral shunts. [49] It involves the placement of a ventricular catheter (a tube made of silastic) into the cerebral ventricles. This ...
A procedure to place an external ventricular drain may be used to treat hydrocephalus or increased intracranial pressure, however, the use of corticosteroids is frequently avoided. [1] Sometimes surgery to directly remove the blood can be therapeutic. [1] Cerebral bleeding affects about 2.5 per 10,000 people each year. [2]
Fourth ventricle location shown in red (E), pons (B); the floor of the ventricle is to the right, the roof to the left. The fourth ventricle has a roof at its upper (posterior) surface and a floor at its lower (anterior) surface, and side walls formed by the cerebellar peduncles (nerve bundles joining the structure on the posterior side of the ventricle to the structures on the anterior side).
The walls of the dural venous sinuses are composed of dura mater lined with endothelium, a specialized layer of flattened cells found in blood and lymph vessels.They differ from other blood vessels in that they lack a full set of vessel layers (e.g. tunica media) characteristic of arteries and veins.