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Standard Trading Conditions (STC) are standardized terms imposed by some countries for accepting cargo by shipping lines, airlines and logistics services providers like freight forwarders and customs agents. They are usually printed as the fine print behind the shipping documents like bill of lading, air way bill, or consignment note
Given freight is intangible, there is no physical delivery. Rather, the contracts settle in cash against the arithmetic average price of spot freight published by the Baltic Exchange. The Baltic Exchange, on a daily basis, publishes a number of freight assessments for various shipping routes reflecting the prevailing level of shipping rates.
A freight forwarder does not move the goods but acts as an agent in the logistics network and will carry out freight consolidation, rate negotiations, shipment tracking, customs and other documentation, among other tasks. FIATA describes a freight forwarder as the "architect of transport".
A waybill is a document issued by a carrier acknowledging the receipt of goods by the carrier and the contract for shipment of a consignment of that cargo. [1] Typically it will show the names of the consignor and consignee, the point of origin of the consignment, its destination, and route.
Chartering is an activity within the shipping industry whereby a shipowner hires out the use of their vessel to a charterer. The contract between the parties is called a charterparty (from French charte partie 'parted document'). The three main types of charter are: demise charter, voyage charter, and time charter.
A contract of carriage is a contract between a carrier of cargo or passengers and the consignor, consignee or passenger. [1] [2] Contracts of carriage define the rights, duties and liabilities of parties to the contract, addressing topics such as acts of God and including clauses such as force majeure (removing liability for extraordinary occurrences beyond control of the parties).
Shanghai Shipping Freight Exchange is the first electronic shipping freight exchange in the world. It has three lines of businesses, including International Dry Bulk, Domestic Coastal Coal, and International Container. The container freight derivatives were launched in 2011 and shortly became the most liquid container freight contracts.
Incoterms inform sales contract by defining respective obligations, costs, and risks involved in the delivery of goods from seller to buyer. Incoterms 2010, the 8th revision, refers to the newest collection of essential international commercial and trade terms with 11 rules.