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Grade beam. A grade beam or grade beam footing is a component of a building's foundation. It consists of a reinforced concrete beam that transmits the load from a bearing wall into spaced foundations such as pile caps or caissons. [1] It is used in conditions where the surface soil's load-bearing capacity is less than the anticipated design loads.
This is the simplest arrangement of masonry units. If the wall is two wythes thick, one header is used to bind the two wythes together. [3] Header course: This is a course made up of a row of headers. [1] Bond course: This is a course of headers that bond the facing masonry to the backing masonry. [1] Plinth: The bottom course of a wall.
The minimum height of the plinth is usually kept as 45 cm (for buildings) [citation needed]. It transmits loads from superstructure to the substructure and acts as the retaining wall for the filling inside the plinth or raised floor. In sculpting, the terms base, plinth, and pedestal are defined according to their subtle differences.
Wall Footing . A wall footing or strip footing is a continuous strip of concrete that serves to spread the weight of a load-bearing wall across an area of soil. [1] It is a component of a shallow foundation. [1] Wall Footing. Wall footings carrying direct vertical loads might be designed either in plain concrete or in reinforced concrete.
Any architectural element's underside, especially the board connecting the walls of a structure to the fascia or the end of the roof, enclosing the eave. Sommer or Summer A girder or main "summer beam" of a floor: if supported on two storey posts and open below, also called a "bress" or "breast-summer".
The beam and base method of underpinning is a more technically advanced adaptation of traditional mass concrete underpinning. A reinforced concrete beam is constructed below, above or in replacement of the existing footing. The beam then transfers the load of the building to mass concrete bases, which are constructed at designed strategic ...
This was a typical building practice in ancient Greece, resulting in the frequent preservation of the plans of ancient buildings only in their stone-built lower walls, as at the city of Olynthos. [2] A very early example is the two-storey fortified House of the Tiles at Lerna in the Peloponnese , built of mud-brick over a stone socle, with much ...
In architecture, the dado is the lower part of a wall, [1] below the dado rail and above the skirting board. The word is borrowed from Italian meaning "dice" or "cube", [ 2 ] and refers to " die ", an architectural term for the middle section of a pedestal or plinth .