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The highest point is dependent upon the definition of Europe: The Caucasus Mountains watershed divide is the most common definition for the European/Asian border. This places the highest point at Mount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 metres; 18,506 feet), which is 11 km (6.8 mi) onto the European side of the Caucasus watershed divide.
The location of the geographical centre of Europe depends on the definition of the borders of Europe, mainly whether remote islands are included to define the extreme points of Europe, and on the method of calculating the final result. Thus, several places claim to host this hypothetical centre.
Border marker at the road near the northernmost point of the European Union near Nuorgam, Finland.There is a marker also at the exact point at the river. Cape Greco, Cyprus Pointe de Langevin, Réunion
Notes are provided where territorial disputes or inconsistencies affect the listings. Some couples such as Denmark , Netherlands , Spain (Canary Islands) and Portugal (Azores Islands) have part of their territory and their high points outside of Europe; their non-European high points are mentioned in the Notes.
While most long-distance footpaths in Europe are located in just one country or region, each of these numbered European long-distance paths passes through many countries. The first long-distance hiking trail in Europe was the National Blue Trail of Hungary, established in 1938. The formation of the European Union made transnational hiking ...
Western Europe and parts of Central Europe generally fall into the temperate maritime climate (Cfb), the southern part is mostly a Mediterranean climate (mostly Csa, smaller area with Csb), the north-central part and east into central Russia is mostly a humid continental climate (Dfb) and the northern part of the continent is a subarctic ...
Hominid dispersals in Europe refers to the colonisation of the European continent by various species of hominid, including hominins and archaic and modern humans. Short and repetitive migrations of archaic humans before 1 million years ago suggest that their residence in Europe was not permanent at the time. [ 1 ]
In classical antiquity, Europe was assumed to cover the quarter of the globe north of the Mediterranean, an arrangement that was adhered to in medieval T and O maps. Ptolemy's world map of the 2nd century already had a reasonably precise description of southern and western Europe, but was unaware of particulars of northern and eastern Europe.