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  2. Endospore - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endospore

    The endospores of certain types of (typically non-pathogenic) bacteria, such as Geobacillus stearothermophilus, are used as probes to verify that an autoclaved item has been rendered truly sterile: a small capsule containing the spores is put into the autoclave with the items; after the cycle the content of the capsule is cultured to check if ...

  3. Endospore staining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endospore_staining

    Endospore staining is a technique used in bacteriology to identify the presence of endospores in a bacterial sample. [1] Within bacteria, endospores are protective structures used to survive extreme conditions, including high temperatures making them highly resistant to chemicals. [2] Endospores contain little or no ATP which indicates how ...

  4. Tetanus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanus

    The disease is an international health problem, as C. tetani endospores are ubiquitous. Endospores can be introduced into the body through a puncture wound (penetrating trauma). Due to C. tetani being an anaerobic bacterium, it and its endospores thrive in environments that lack oxygen, such as a puncture wound. With the changes in oxygen ...

  5. Exosporium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosporium

    Some bacteria also produce endospores with an exosporium, of which the most commonly studied are Bacillus species, particularly Bacillus cereus and the anthrax-causing bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The exosporium is the portion of the spore that interacts with the environment or host organism , and may contain spore antigens . [ 1 ]

  6. Sporulation in Bacillus subtilis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sporulation_in_Bacillus...

    The wrong decision can be catastrophic: a vegetative cell will die if the conditions are too harsh, while bacteria forming spores in an environment which is conducive to vegetative growth will be out competed. [3] In short, initiation of sporulation is a very tightly regulated network with numerous checkpoints for efficient control. [citation ...

  7. Haemophilus influenzae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilus_influenzae

    The bacteria are mesophilic and grow best at temperatures between 35 and 37 °C. [1] H. influenzae was first described in 1893 [2] [3] by Richard Pfeiffer during an influenza pandemic [4] when he incorrectly identified it as the causative microbe, which is why the bacteria was given the name "influenzae".

  8. Klebsiella aerogenes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klebsiella_aerogenes

    Infections are generally sensitive to antibiotics designed for this bacteria class, though complicated by inducible resistance mechanisms, [5] particularly lactamase; infections accordingly become quickly resistant to standard antibiotics during treatment, necessitating a change in antibiotic to avoid worsening of the sepsis.

  9. Clostridium botulinum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_botulinum

    C. botulinum is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming bacterium. [1] It is an obligate anaerobe, the organism survives in an environment that lacks oxygen.However, C. botulinum tolerates traces of oxygen due to the enzyme superoxide dismutase, which is an important antioxidant defense in nearly all cells exposed to oxygen. [7]