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Daṇḍa" (Sanskrit: दण्ड, literally 'stick', 'staff', or 'rod', an ancient symbol of authority) [1] is the Hindu term for punishment. In ancient India, the ruler generally sanctioned punishments but other legal officials could also play a part. Punishments were handed out in response to criminal activity.
The first Urdu translation of the Kural text was by Hazrat Suhrawardy, a professor of Urdu Department of Jamal Mohammad College, Tiruchirappalli. [1] It was published by Sahitya Academy in 1965, with a reprint in 1994. The translation is in prose and is not a direct translation from Tamil but based on English translations of the original.
The modern Hindi and Urdu standards are highly mutually intelligible in colloquial form, but use different scripts when written, and have lesser mutually intelligibility in literary forms. The history of Bible translations into Hindi and Urdu is closely linked, with the early translators of the Hindustani language simply producing the same ...
Thus, the Hindu soldiers viewed the Act as a potential threat to their faith. The resulting discontent was one of the causes of the Indian rebellion of 1857. [14] The Cellular Jail was known as Kala Pani, as the overseas journey to the Andaman islands threatened the convicts with the loss of caste, resulting in social exclusion.
The texts viewed households and families as the archetype of community, "an exemplary institution of religious and legal reflection of Hindu jurisprudence". [3] Thus, Hindu jurisprudence portrayed the household, not the state, as the primary institution of law. [3] Connectedly, the household is the institution to which Hindu law is most applied.
Classical Hindu law is a category of Hindu law in traditional Hinduism, taken to begin with the transmittance of the Vedas [citation needed] and ending in 1772 with the adoption of "A Plan for the Administration of Justice in Bengal" by the Bengal government.
Vani (Urdu: ونی), or Swara (سوارہ), is a custom where girls, often minors, are given in marriage or servitude to an aggrieved family as compensation to end disputes, often murder. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Vani is a form of arranged or forced child marriage , [ 3 ] and the result of punishment decided by a council of tribal elders named jirga .
[1] [2] [4] The various definitions for āstika and nāstika philosophies have been disputed since ancient times, and there is no consensus. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] One standard distinction, as within ancient- and medieval-era Sanskrit philosophical literature, is that āstika schools accept the Vedas , the ancient texts of India, as fundamentally ...