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3A molecular sieves are used to dry a range of materials, such as ethanol, air, refrigerants, natural gas and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The latter include cracking gas, acetylene, ethylene, propylene and butadiene. 3A molecular sieves are stored at room temperature, with a relative humidity not more than 90%. They are sealed under reduced ...
A common approach involves the use of molecular sieves. The sieves can be subsequently regenerated by dehydration using a vacuum oven . Ethanol can be dried to 95% ABV by heating 3A molecular sieves such as 3A zeolite .
Canisters are commonly filled with silica gel and other molecular sieves as desiccants in drug containers to keep contents dry Silica gel in a sachet or porous packet. A desiccant is a hygroscopic substance that is used to induce or sustain a state of dryness (desiccation) in its vicinity; it is the opposite of a humectant.
A characteristic operation for a vacuum oven is the activation or regeneration of molecular sieves. [1] [2] Vacuum furnaces are related devices that operate at much higher temperatures and much lower pressures. The acetylacetonate complex Mn(acac) 2 is obtained by vacuum drying the yellow dihydrate Mn(acac) 2 (H 2 O) 2. [3]
The lower compartment of the desiccator contains lumps of silica gel, freshly calcined quicklime, Drierite, molecular sieves, phosphorus pentoxide, (not as effective) anhydrous calcium chloride, or other desiccant to absorb water vapor. The substance needing desiccation is put in the upper compartment, usually on a glazed, perforated ceramic plate.
With this variant of PSA developed for use in laboratory nitrogen generators, nitrogen gas is produced into two steps: in the first step, the compressed air is forced to pass through a carbon molecular sieve to produce nitrogen at a purity of approximately 98%; in the second step this nitrogen is forced to pass into a second carbon molecular ...
Others work by chemically or physically removing or sequestering the impurity. For example, to purify ethanol beyond 95%, a drying agent (or desiccant, such as potassium carbonate) can be added to convert the soluble water into insoluble water of crystallization. Molecular sieves are often used for this purpose as well.
Twin Tower, or regenerative desiccant dryers, have two vertical tanks filled with media. The compressed air is passed through a pressure vessel with two "towers" filled with a media such as activated alumina, silica gel, molecular sieve or other desiccant material. This desiccant material attracts the water from the compressed air via adsorption.