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ASTM D1941 – 91(2013) Standard Test Method for Open Channel Flow Measurement of Water with the Parshall Flume; ISO 9826:1992 Measurement of Liquid Flow in Open Channels – Parshall and SANIIRI Flumes; JIS B7553-1993 Parshall Flume Type Flowmeters; Bos, Marinus (1989). Discharge Measurement Structures. Third edition revised. Publication 20 ...
Open channel flow describes cases where flowing liquid has a top surface open to the air; the cross-section of the flow is only determined by the shape of the channel on the lower side, and is variable depending on the depth of liquid in the channel. Techniques appropriate for a fixed cross-section of flow in a pipe are not useful in open channels.
The depth of flow is the same at every section of the channel. Uniform flow can be steady or unsteady, depending on whether or not the depth changes with time, (although unsteady uniform flow is rare). Varied flow. The depth of flow changes along the length of the channel. Varied flow technically may be either steady or unsteady.
The general design of the flume detailed in ASTM D5390: Standard Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurement of Water with Palmer-Bowlus Flumes. [2] It is important to note that unlike the Parshall flume , the standard for the flume does not set out specific sizes and flow rates, but only general characteristics for the class of flume.
Some varieties of flumes are used in measuring water flow of a larger channel. When used to measure the flow of water in open channels, a flume is defined as a specially shaped, fixed hydraulic structure that under free-flow conditions forces flow to accelerate in such a manner that the flow rate through the flume can be characterized by a level-to-flow relationship as applied to a single head ...
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