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  2. Fermi problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_problem

    An example is Enrico Fermi's estimate of the strength of the atomic bomb that detonated at the Trinity test, based on the distance traveled by pieces of paper he dropped from his hand during the blast. Fermi's estimate of 10 kilotons of TNT was well within an order of magnitude of the now-accepted value of 21 kilotons. [1] [2] [3]

  3. Order of magnitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_magnitude

    An order-of-magnitude estimate of a variable, whose precise value is unknown, is an estimate rounded to the nearest power of ten. For example, an order-of-magnitude estimate for a variable between about 3 billion and 30 billion (such as the human population of the Earth) is 10 billion. To round a number to its nearest order of magnitude, one ...

  4. Scale analysis (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_analysis_(mathematics)

    Scale analysis (or order-of-magnitude analysis) is a powerful tool used in the mathematical sciences for the simplification of equations with many terms. First the approximate magnitude of individual terms in the equations is determined.

  5. Alignments of random points - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alignments_of_random_points

    The following is a very approximate order-of-magnitude estimate of the likelihood of alignments, assuming a plane covered with uniformly distributed "significant" points. Consider a set of n points in a compact area with approximate diameter L and area approximately L 2.

  6. Cost estimate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_estimate

    An order-of-magnitude estimate is prepared when little or no design information is available for the project. It is called order of magnitude because that may be all that can be determined at an early stage. In other words, perhaps we can only determine that it is of a 10,000,000 magnitude as opposed to a 1,000,000 magnitude.

  7. German tank problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_tank_problem

    A random sample of these items is taken ... the mean may not be the most meaningful estimate. The median in this example is ... The order of magnitude of the number ...

  8. Back-of-the-envelope calculation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back-of-the-envelope...

    Perhaps the most influential example of such a calculation was carried out over a period of a few hours by Arnold Wilkins after being asked to consider a problem by Robert Watson Watt. Watt had learned that the Germans claimed to have invented a radio-based death ray, but Wilkins' one-page calculations demonstrated that such a thing was almost ...

  9. Orders of magnitude (length) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(length)

    The following are examples of orders of magnitude for different ... according to one estimate using the WMAP data at 95% ... Lengths with order of magnitude 1e17m ...