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Merleau-Ponty attempts to define phenomenology, which according to him has not yet received a proper definition.He asserts that phenomenology contains a series of apparent contradictions, which include the fact that it attempts to create a philosophy that would be a rigorous science while also offering an account of space, time and the world as people experience them.
In his Phenomenology of Perception (first published in French in 1945), Merleau-Ponty develops the concept of the body-subject (le corps propre) as an alternative to the Cartesian "cogito". This distinction is especially important in that Merleau-Ponty perceives the essences of the world existentially .
Modern scholarship also recognizes the existence of the following varieties: late Heidegger's transcendental hermeneutic phenomenology, [55] Maurice Merleau-Ponty's embodied phenomenology, [56] [57] [58] Michel Henry's material phenomenology, [59] Alva Noë's analytic phenomenology, [60] [61] and J. L. Austin's linguistic phenomenology.
According to Husserl, perception has three temporal aspects, retention, the immediate present, and protention and a flow through which each moment of protention becomes the retention of the next. [1] Maurice Merleau-Ponty describes the temporal phenomenology of perception in the Phenomenology of Perception as follows:
Phenomenology or phenomenological psychology, a sub-discipline of psychology, is the scientific study of subjective experiences. [1] It is an approach to psychological subject matter that attempts to explain experiences from the point of view of the subject via the analysis of their written or spoken words. [ 2 ]
Maurice Merleau-Ponty in his Phenomenology of Perception [transl. 1], for example, rejects the Cartesian idea that people's primary mode of being in the world is thinking [transl. 2] [transl. 3] and proposes corporeity [transl. 4], that is, the body itself as the primary site for knowing the world, and perception as the medium and the pre ...
Phenomenological description has found widespread application within psychology and the cognitive sciences. For example, Maurice Merleau-Ponty is the first well known phenomenologist to openly mingle the results of empirical research with phenomenologically descriptive research.
The descriptive phenomenological method in psychology [1] [2] was developed by the American psychologist Amedeo Giorgi in the early 1970s. Giorgi based his method on principles laid out by philosophers like Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty as well as what he had learned from his prior professional experience in psychophysics. [3]