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Haiti became the second state in the Americas after the United States to gain independence from a European colonial power. [45] Haiti actively assisted the independence movements of many Latin American countries – and secured a promise from the great liberator, Simón Bolívar , that he would free slaves after winning independence from Spain.
The First Empire of Haiti, [1] officially known as the Empire of Haiti [2] [3] (French: Empire d'Haïti; [4] Haitian Creole: Anpi an Ayiti), [5] was an elective monarchy in North America. Haiti was controlled by France before declaring independence on 1 January 1804. The Governor-General of Haiti, Jean-Jacques Dessalines, created the empire on ...
The name Haiti (or Hayti) comes from the indigenous Taíno language and was the native name [3] [4] given to the entire island of Hispaniola to mean "land of high mountains." [5] [6] Christopher Columbus arrived on the island on December 5, 1492 and claimed it for the Spanish Empire, after which it became known as Hispaniola.
History of Haiti; Pre-Columbian Haiti (before 1492) Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (1492–1625) Taíno genocide: Saint-Domingue (1625–1804) Haitian Revolution; First Empire of Haiti (1804–1806) 1804 Haiti massacre; Siege of Santo Domingo; North Haiti (1806–1820) State of Haiti; Kingdom of Haiti; South Haiti (1806–1820) First ...
A squadron of French ships arrives in Haiti to deliver the news of Charles X's ordinance of 17 April to President Boyer 1831: 22 September: The city of Pétion-Ville, a suburb of Port-au-Prince named for Alexandre Pétion, is founded by Boyer 1838: Haiti's remaining debt to France, 120 million francs, is reduced to 60 million francs 1842: 7 May
Saint-Domingue quickly came to overshadow the previous colony in both wealth and population. Nicknamed the "Pearl of the Antilles," Saint-Domingue became the richest and most prosperous French colony in the West Indies, cementing its status as an important port in the Americas for goods and products flowing to and from France and Europe.
The Haitian occupation of Santo Domingo [a] (Spanish: Ocupación haitiana de Santo Domingo; French: Occupation haïtienne de Saint-Domingue; Haitian Creole: Okipasyon ayisyen nan Sen Domeng) was the annexation and merger of then-independent Republic of Spanish Haiti (formerly Santo Domingo) into the Republic of Haiti, that lasted twenty-two years, from February 9, 1822, to February 27, 1844.
The occupation improved some of Haiti's infrastructure and centralized power in Port-au-Prince. [ 135 ] 1700 km of roads were made usable, 189 bridges were built, many irrigation canals were rehabilitated, hospitals, schools, and public buildings were constructed, and drinking water was brought to the main cities.