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Fitness epistasis (an interaction between non-allelic genes) is positive (in other words, diminishing, antagonistic or buffering) when a loss of function mutation of two given genes results in exceeding the fitness predicted from individual effects of deleterious mutations, and it is negative (that is, reinforcing, synergistic or aggravating ...
An example of epistasis is the interaction between hair colour and baldness. A gene for total baldness would be epistatic to one for blond hair or red hair. The hair-colour genes are hypostatic to the baldness gene. The baldness phenotype supersedes genes for hair colour, and so the effects are non-additive.
Systematic pairwise deletion of genes or inhibition of gene expression can be used to identify genes with related function, even if they do not interact physically. Epistasis refers to the fact that effects for two different gene knockouts may not be additive; that is, the phenotype that results when two genes are inhibited may be different ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 28 January 2025. Science of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms This article is about the general scientific term. For the scientific journal, see Genetics (journal). For a more accessible and less technical introduction to this topic, see Introduction to genetics. For the Meghan Trainor ...
Epistasis occurs when the expression of one gene is modified by another gene. For example, gene A only shows its effect when allele B1 (at another locus) is present, but not if it is absent. This is one of the ways in which two or more genes may combine to produce a coordinated change in more than one characteristic (for instance, in mimicry).
Non-additive effects involve dominance or epistasis, and cause outcomes that are not a sum of the contribution of the genes involved. Additive genetic effects are singularly important with regard to quantitative traits, as the sum of these effects informs the placement of a trait on the spectrum of possible outcomes.
A hypostatic gene is one whose phenotype is altered by the expression of an allele at a separate locus, in an epistasis event. [ 1 ] Example: In labrador retrievers , the chocolate coat colour is a result of homozygosity for a gene that is epistatic to the "black vs. brown" gene.
The domino theory suggests that if one gene of a cellular process becomes inactivated, then selection in other genes involved relaxes, leading to gene loss. [51] When comparing Buchnera aphidicola and Escherichia coli, it was found that positive epistasis furthers gene loss while negative epistasis hinders it.