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Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff. Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is flanked by land on three sides, whereas a headland is flanked by water on three sides.
Cirque – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion; Corrie – An amphitheatre-like valley formed by glacial erosion or cwm; Cliff – Tall, near vertical rock face; Coast – Area where land meets the sea or ocean; Coastal plain – Area of flat, low-lying land adjacent to a seacoast
Landforms related to rivers and other watercourses include: Channel (geography) – Narrow body of water; Confluence – Meeting of two or more bodies of flowing water; Cut bank – Outside bank of a water channel, which is continually undergoing erosion; Crevasse splay – Sediment deposited on a floodplain by a stream which breaks its levees
A natural arch, natural bridge, or (less commonly) rock arch is a natural landform where an arch has formed with an opening underneath. Natural arches commonly form where inland cliffs , coastal cliffs , fins or stacks are subject to erosion from the sea, rivers or weathering ( subaerial processes).
A stack or sea stack is a geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast, formed by wave erosion. [1] Stacks are formed over time by wind and water, processes of coastal geomorphology. [2] They are formed when part of a headland is eroded by hydraulic action, which is the force of ...
A geo or gio (/ ɡ j oʊ / GYOH, from Old Norse gjá [1]) is an inlet, a gully or a narrow and deep cleft in the face of a cliff. Geos are common on the coastline of the Shetland and Orkney islands. They are created by the wave driven erosion of cliffs along faults and bedding planes in the rock. Geos may have sea caves at their heads. Such sea ...
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Given the dynamic nature of the seafloor, changes in the location of shoals and bars may cause the locus of beach or cliff erosion to change position along the shore. [7] Coastal erosion has been greatly affected by the rising sea levels globally. There has been great measures of increased coastal erosion on the Eastern seaboard of the United ...