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The history of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821.
The Spanish Empire's "Islas Filipínas, Marianas y Carolinas" under the Spanish East Indies Captaincy General based in Manila and other formerly planned and former possessions and adjacent islands. 1858, Fragment. 1888 map showing the Spanish East Indies, including Palau Islands (map without Philippines) The Spanish East Indies came to be ...
It was given by the Spanish explorer Ruy López de Villalobos who named the islands of Samar and Leyte "Las Islas Felipinas" (The Philippine Islands), during his expedition in 1543. Throughout the colonial period, the name Felipinas (Philippines) was used, and became the official name of the Philippines.
The Spanish population that settled in the Philippines during the colonial period were originally referred to as "Filipinos". [21] Spaniards, Latin Americans and Spanish-speaking Filipinos are referred to by native Filipinos as "Kastila", a word for "Castilian" which means the region and language of Castile , or an individual of Spanish heritage.
The Spanish colonial period in the Philippines — colonial rule of the Las Islas Filipinas (Philippines), a part of the Spanish East Indies territories, which arose from explorations beginning in 1521.
Colonial Manila, c. 1826. In 1574, the Captaincy General of the Philippines was created as a dependency of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.In 1584, the Real Audiencia of Manila was established by King Felipe II, who appointed as its president the same governor of the Captaincy General of the Philippines.
Map of the Presidios built in the Philippines during the 1600s, in Fortress of Empire by Rene Javellana, S. J. (1997). The Spanish fortifications of the Philippines, or fuerzas, are strongholds constructed by Filipinos and Spaniards primarily for protection against local and foreign aggressors during the Spanish colonial period, and during the subsequent American and Japanese occupations.
The oldest universities, colleges, and vocational schools and the first modern public education system in Asia were all created during the Spanish colonial period, and by the time Spain was replaced by the United States as the colonial power, Filipinos were among the most educated subjects in all of Asia. [254]