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Mitochondrial myopathies are types of myopathies associated with mitochondrial disease. [1] Adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ), the chemical used to provide energy for the cell, cannot be produced sufficiently by oxidative phosphorylation when the mitochondrion is either damaged or missing necessary enzymes or transport proteins.
A mitochondrial encephalomyopathy is a form of encephalomyopathy that is associated with a mitochondrial disease. MELAS syndrome Examples include MELAS syndrome and MERRF syndrome. These conditions can sometimes present together. [1] [2] KSS is sometimes included in this category, [3] but it is not included in this category in MeSH.
Mitochondria. Pearson syndrome is a mitochondrial disease caused by a deletion in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). [3] An mtDNA is genetic material contained in the cellular organelle called the mitochondria. Depending on the tissue type, each cell contains hundreds to thousands of mitochondria. There are 2–10 mtDNA molecules in each mitochondrion.
Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome (MDS or MDDS), or Alper's disease, is any of a group of autosomal recessive disorders that cause a significant drop in mitochondrial DNA in affected tissues. Symptoms can be any combination of myopathic , hepatopathic , or encephalomyopathic . [ 1 ]
MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes) is one of the family of mitochondrial diseases, which also include MIDD (maternally inherited diabetes and deafness), MERRF syndrome, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy.
Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome (MNGIE) is a rare autosomal recessive mitochondrial disease. [2] It has been previously referred to as polyneuropathy, ophthalmoplegia, leukoencephalopathy, and intestinal pseudoobstruction (POLIP syndrome). [3] The disease presents in childhood, but often goes unnoticed for decades.
Mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration (MPAN) is a genetic neurodegenerative disease that causes dystonia, parkinsonism, and iron accumulation in the brain. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is caused by mutations to the gene C19orf12 , which has unknown function.
Mitochondrial disease is a group of disorders caused by mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are the organelles that generate energy for the cell and are found in every cell of the human body except red blood cells .