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A sample and the associated data points. data point A typed measurement — it can be a Boolean value, a real number, a vector (in which case it is also called a data vector), etc. decision rule decision theory degrees of freedom density estimation dependence dependent variable descriptive statistics design of experiments deviation discrete ...
The Latin word data is the plural of datum, "(thing) given," and the neuter past participle of dare, "to give". [6] The first English use of the word "data" is from the 1640s. The word "data" was first used to mean "transmissible and storable computer information" in 1946. The expression "data processing" was first used in 1954. [6]
The field of numerical analysis predates the invention of modern computers by many centuries. Linear interpolation was already in use more than 2000 years ago. Many great mathematicians of the past were preoccupied by numerical analysis, [5] as is obvious from the names of important algorithms like Newton's method, Lagrange interpolation polynomial, Gaussian elimination, or Euler's method.
the term row has several common synonyms (e.g., record, k-tuple, n-tuple, vector); the term column has several common synonyms (e.g., field, parameter, property, attribute, stanchion); a column is usually identified by a name; a column name can consist of a word, phrase or a numerical index; the intersection of a row and a column is called a cell.
The term numerical quadrature (often abbreviated to quadrature) is more or less a synonym for "numerical integration", especially as applied to one-dimensional integrals. Some authors refer to numerical integration over more than one dimension as cubature ; [ 1 ] others take "quadrature" to include higher-dimensional integration.
Numerical integration — the numerical evaluation of an integral Rectangle method — first-order method, based on (piecewise) constant approximation; Trapezoidal rule — second-order method, based on (piecewise) linear approximation; Simpson's rule — fourth-order method, based on (piecewise) quadratic approximation Adaptive Simpson's method
In linguistics, a numeral in the broadest sense is a word or phrase that describes a numerical quantity.Some theories of grammar use the word "numeral" to refer to cardinal numbers that act as a determiner that specify the quantity of a noun, for example the "two" in "two hats".
In mathematics and statistics, a quantitative variable may be continuous or discrete if it is typically obtained by measuring or counting, respectively. [1] If it can take on two particular real values such that it can also take on all real values between them (including values that are arbitrarily or infinitesimally close together), the variable is continuous in that interval. [2]