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This feature occurs in Russian, Irish, and Scottish Gaelic, among others. Phonemic palatalization may be contrasted with either plain or velarized articulation. In many of the Slavic languages , and some of the Baltic and Finnic languages , palatalized consonants contrast with plain consonants, but in Irish they contrast with velarized consonants.
The English equivalents given are approximate, and refer most closely to the Scottish pronunciation of Standard English. The vowel [aː] in English father is back [ɑː] in Southern English. The a in English late in Scottish English is the pure vowel [eː] rather than the more general diphthong [eɪ].
There is also a realization as a [χ], and the original pronunciation as an [r] also remains very common in various dialects. In Russian, /x/ is assimilated to the palatalization of the following velar consonant: лёгких [ˈlʲɵxʲkʲɪx] ⓘ. It also has a voiced allophone [ɣ], which occurs before voiced obstruents. [41]
Title page of Die araner mundart. Ein beitrag zur erforschung des westirischen ('The Aran dialect. A contribution to the study of West Irish') ().Until the end of the 19th century, linguistic discussions of Irish focused either on the traditional grammar (issues like the inflection of nouns, verbs and adjectives) or on the historical development of sounds from Proto-Indo-European through Proto ...
The standard Scottish Gaelic pronunciation is /ˈruə̯.rʲɪ/, and in Munster Irish /rəiˈrʲiː/. In English, it is typically pronounced as English: / ˈ r ɔːr i / (ROR-ee). [1] In Classical Gaelic, the name was written Ruaidhrigh, and in Old Irish Ruaidríg /ruaðʲr͈ʲiːʝʲ/ (Proto Celtic *roudo-riks).
This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Scottish Gaelic on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Scottish Gaelic in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them.
In English, gh historically represented [x] (the voiceless velar fricative, as in the Scottish Gaelic word loch), and still does in lough and certain other Hiberno-English words, especially proper nouns. In the dominant dialects of modern English, gh is almost always either silent or pronounced /f/ (see Ough).
Scottish Gaelic orthography has evolved over many centuries and is heavily etymologizing in its modern form. This means the orthography tends to preserve historical components rather than operating on the principles of a phonemic orthography where the graphemes correspond directly to phonemes .