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The earliest colonies in New England were usually fishing villages or farming communities on the more fertile land along the rivers. The rocky soil in the New England Colonies was not as fertile as the Middle or Southern Colonies, but the land provided rich resources, including lumber that was highly valued.
All the New England colonies required towns to set up schools. The Mayflower Pilgrims made a law in Plymouth Colony that each family was responsible to teach their children how to read and write, for the express purpose of reading the Bible. In 1642, the Massachusetts Bay Colony made education compulsory, and other New England colonies followed.
Praying towns were settlements established by English colonial governments in New England from 1646 to 1675 in an effort to convert local Native Americans to Christianity. [ 1 ] The Native people who moved into the towns were known as Praying Indians .
The half-century period before the Civil War, more generally between 1800 and 1900, saw the "development of New England manufactures and the rise of new factory villages and towns". [5] This brought about significant changes to the agricultural system in the region, specifically through new demands for raw materials and food.
Colonial America: Plymouth Colony 1620 – A short history of Plymouth Colony hosted at U-S-History.com, includes a map of all of the New England colonies. The Plymouth Colony Archive Project Archived March 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine – A collection of primary sources documents and secondary source analysis related to Plymouth Colony.
The Connecticut Colony, originally known as the Connecticut River Colony, was an English colony in New England which later became the state of Connecticut.It was organized on March 3, 1636, as a settlement for a Puritan congregation of settlers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony led by Thomas Hooker.
In early colonial times, all incorporated municipalities in New England were towns; there were no cities. Springfield, Massachusetts , for instance, was settled as a "plantation" (in colonial Massachusetts, the term was synonymous with town) as early as 1636, but the city of Springfield was not established until 1852.
The Plymouth Council for New England gave Robert Gorges a patent for a settlement covering 300 square miles (780 km 2) northeast of Boston Harbor. He was an English captain and son of Sir Ferdinando Gorges. [33] This settlement was intended to be a spiritual and civic capital of the council's New England colonies. [30]