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Buddhist Tantras are key texts in Vajrayana Buddhism, which is the dominant form of Buddhism in Tibet, Bhutan and Mongolia. They can be found in the Chinese canon, but even more so in the Tibetan Kangyur which contains translations of almost 500 tantras .
Many printed Buddhist texts from the region date to the Yuan, and they were printed in the Uyghur, Xixia and Sanskrit languages. [90] The Uyghurs also restored cave temples and repainted Buddhist wall paintings such as at Bezeklik. [90] Uyghur Buddhism was the last major Buddhist culture in Xinjiang and it lasted until the mid 14th century. [90]
Modern discoveries of various fragmentary manuscript collections (the Gandhāran Buddhist texts) from Pakistan and Afghanistan has contributed significantly to the study of Early Buddhist texts. Most of these texts are written in the Gandhari Language and the Kharoṣṭhī script, but some have also been discovered in Bactrian. [55]
The Nepalese Buddhist textual tradition is a unique collection of Buddhist texts preserved primarily in Nepal, particularly within the Newar Buddhist community of the Kathmandu Valley. [55] It is distinct for its emphasis on preserving the Sanskrit originals of many Mahayana and Vajrayana scriptures, which have otherwise been lost in India and ...
The first Buddhist canonical texts were likely written down in Sri Lanka, about 400 years after the Buddha died. [331] The texts were part of the Tripitakas, and many versions appeared thereafter claiming to be the words of the Buddha. Scholarly Buddhist commentary texts, with named authors, appeared in India, around the 2nd century CE. [331]
The Gandhāran Buddhist texts are the oldest Buddhist manuscripts yet discovered, dating from about the 1st century BCE to 3rd century CE and found in the northwestern outskirts of Pakistan. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] They represent the literature of Gandharan Buddhism and are written in the Gāndhārī language .