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Blind athlete expressing joy in athletic competition. The fact that unsighted persons use the same expressions as sighted people shows that expressions are innate. In 2009, a study was conducted to study spontaneous facial expressions in sighted and blind judo athletes. They discovered that many facial expressions are innate and not visually ...
The facial muscles are just under the skin (subcutaneous) muscles that control facial expression. They generally originate from the surface of the skull bone (rarely the fascia), and insert on the skin of the face. When they contract, the skin moves. These muscles also cause wrinkles at right angles to the muscles’ action line. [2]
In 1978 Ekman and Friesen updated Facial Action Coding System (FACS), originally developed by a Swedish anatomist Carl-Herman Hjortsjö. [7] [8] FACS is a tool for classification of all facial expressions that humans can make. Each component of facial movement is called an action unit (AU) and all facial expressions can be broken down to action ...
Muscle Action Risorius: Smirk Buccinator: Aids chewing by holding cheeks flat Levator labii superioris: Elevates upper lip Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle: Snarl Levator anguli oris: Soft smile Nasalis: Flare nostrils Orbicularis oris muscle: Purse Lips Depressor septi nasi: Depresses nasal septum Procerus: Moves skin of forehead
Voluntary facial expressions are often socially conditioned and follow a cortical route in the brain. Conversely, involuntary facial expressions are believed to be innate and follow a subcortical route in the brain. Facial recognition can be an emotional experience for the brain and the amygdala is highly involved in the recognition process.
The risorius muscle is a highly variable muscle of facial expression. It has numerous and very variable origins, and inserts into the angle of the mouth. It receives motor innervation from branches of facial nerve (CN VII). It may be absent or asymmetrical in some people. It pulls the angle of the mouth sidewise, such as during smiling.
The corrugator supercilii muscle acts upon the skin of the forehead superior to the middle of the supraorbital margin, [1] drawing the eyebrow inferomedially to produce vertical wrinkles of the forehead [3] just superior to the nose. [1] It is the "frowning" muscle, and may be regarded as the principal muscle in the expression of suffering. [4]
It is contributed to by at least nine muscles: orbicularis oris, buccinator, levator anguli oris, depressor anguli oris, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, risorius, quadratus labii superioris, quadratus labii inferioris. [1] [2] Its position and movements are important in moving the mouth, facial expression and in prosthetic dentistry. It ...