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For gases, departure from 3 R per mole of atoms is generally due to two factors: (1) failure of the higher quantum-energy-spaced vibration modes in gas molecules to be excited at room temperature, and (2) loss of potential energy degree of freedom for small gas molecules, simply because most of their atoms are not bonded maximally in space to ...
J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6, Thermodynamic Properties; Table 6.3, Enthalpies and Gibbs Energies of Formation, Entropies, and Heat Capacities of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds
As quoted from this source in an online version of: J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4; Table 4.1, Electronic Configuration and Properties of the Elements Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, Thermal Expansion, Plenum, New York, 1975.
Gas Cl 121.7 Chloride ion Aqueous Cl −: −167.2 Chlorine: Gas Cl 2: 0 Chromium: Solid Cr 0 Copper: Solid Cu 0 Copper(II) bromide: Solid CuBr2 −138.490 Copper(II) chloride: Solid CuCl2 −217.986 Copper(II) oxide: Solid CuO −155.2 Copper(II) sulfate: Aqueous CuSO 4: −769.98 Fluorine: Gas F 2: 0 Monatomic hydrogen Gas H 218 Hydrogen: Gas ...
As quoted from various sources in an online version of: David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 84th Edition.CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 12, Properties of Solids; Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Metals / Thermal Conductivity of Crystalline Dielectrics / Thermal Conductivity of Metals and Semiconductors as a Function of Temperature
Hydrated chromium(III) sulfate, Cr 2 (SO 4) 3 ·18H 2 O, (CAS #13520-66-6) is a violet solid that readily dissolves in water to give the metal aquo complex, [Cr(H 2 O) 6] 3+. The formula of this compound can be written more descriptively as [Cr(H 2 O) 6 ] 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ·6H 2 O. Six of the eighteen water molecules in this formula unit are water ...
Chromium(II) sulfate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cr S O 4. It often comes as hydrates CrSO 4 ·nH 2 O. Several hydrated salts are known. The pentahydrate CrSO 4 ·5H 2 O is a blue solid that dissolves readily in water. Solutions of chromium(II) are easily oxidized by air to Cr(III) species.
The specific heat capacity can be defined and measured for gases, liquids, and solids of fairly general composition and molecular structure. These include gas mixtures, solutions and alloys, or heterogenous materials such as milk, sand, granite, and concrete, if considered at a sufficiently large scale.