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The term "homology" was first used in biology by the anatomist Richard Owen in 1843 when studying the similarities of vertebrate fins and limbs, defining it as the "same organ in different animals under every variety of form and function", [6] and contrasting it with the matching term "analogy" which he used to describe different structures ...
Phylogenies showing the terminology used to describe different patterns of ancestral and derived trait states. [1] Imaginary cladogram. [2] The yellow mask is a plesiomorphy for each living masked species, because it is ancestral. [2]
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different periods or epochs in time. Convergent evolution creates analogous structures that have similar form or function but were not present in the last common ancestor of those groups.
"The molecular weight of Sulculus myoglobin is 41kD, 2.5 times larger than other myoglobins." Moreover, its amino acid sequence has no homology with other invertebrate myoglobins or with hemoglobins, but is 35% homologous with human indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO), a vertebrate tryptophan-degrading enzyme. It does not share similar function with IDO.
In mathematics, the term homology, originally introduced in algebraic topology, has three primary, closely-related usages.The most direct usage of the term is to take the homology of a chain complex, resulting in a sequence of abelian groups called homology groups.
This is different from homology, which is the term used to characterize the similarity of features that can be parsimoniously explained by common ancestry. [1] Homoplasy can arise from both similar selection pressures acting on adapting species, and the effects of genetic drift .
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene ...
Analogy is a comparison or correspondence between two things (or two groups of things) because of a third element that they are considered to share. [1]In logic, it is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction.