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The term "homology" was first used in biology by the anatomist Richard Owen in 1843 when studying the similarities of vertebrate fins and limbs, defining it as the "same organ in different animals under every variety of form and function", [6] and contrasting it with the matching term "analogy" which he used to describe different structures ...
"The molecular weight of Sulculus myoglobin is 41kD, 2.5 times larger than other myoglobins." Moreover, its amino acid sequence has no homology with other invertebrate myoglobins or with hemoglobins, but is 35% homologous with human indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO), a vertebrate tryptophan-degrading enzyme. It does not share similar function with IDO.
Sequence homology is the biological homology between DNA, RNA, or protein sequences, defined in terms of shared ancestry in the evolutionary history of life. Two segments of DNA can have shared ancestry because of three phenomena: either a speciation event (orthologs), or a duplication event (paralogs), or else a horizontal (or lateral) gene ...
For example it is common to take A to be Z/2Z, so that coefficients are modulo 2. This becomes straightforward in the absence of 2- torsion in the homology. Quite generally, the result indicates the relationship that holds between the Betti numbers b i of X and the Betti numbers b i , F with coefficients in a field F .
[2] [3] Homoplasy is the similarity in a feature that is not parsimoniously explained by descent from a common ancestor. Most often, homoplasy is viewed as a similarity in morphological characters. However, homoplasy may also appear in other character types, such as similarity in the genetic sequence, [4] [5] life cycle types [6] or even ...
A protein superfamily is the largest grouping of proteins for which common ancestry can be inferred (see homology).Usually this common ancestry is inferred from structural alignment [1] and mechanistic similarity, even if no sequence similarity is evident. [2]